-
1 being
being ['bi:ɪŋ](a) (creature) être m, créature f;∎ a human being un être humain;∎ a being from another planet une créature (venue) d'une autre planète(b) (essential nature) être m;∎ her whole being rebelled tout son être se révoltait(c) (existence) existence f;∎ already in being déjà existant, qui existe déjà;∎ to bring or to call sth into being faire naître qch, susciter qch;∎ they brought a new social policy into being ils ont établi une nouvelle politique sociale;∎ the movement came into being in the 1920s le mouvement est apparu ou fut créé dans les années 20 -
2 being
1. present participle ofacademic.ru/5926/be">be2. nouncall into being — ins Leben rufen
* * *1) (existence: When did the Roman Empire come into being?) das (Da-)Sein2) (any living person or thing: beings from outer space.) das Wesen* * *be·ing[ˈbi:ɪŋ]I. n\being from another planet Wesen nt von einem anderen Sternto come into \being entstehenshe hated him with all her \being sie hasste ihn aus tiefster Seelefor the time \being vorerst, vorläufig, einstweilen* * *['biːɪŋ]n1) (= existence) Dasein nt, Leben ntto come into being — entstehen; (club etc also) ins Leben gerufen werden
to bring into being — ins Leben rufen, (er)schaffen
beings from outer space — Wesen pl aus dem All
3) (= essence) Wesen ntof my being — mit jeder Faser meines Herzens
* * *being [ˈbiːıŋ] s1. (Da)Sein n, Existenz f:in being existierend, wirklich (vorhanden);come into being entstehen3. (Lebe)Wesen n, Geschöpf n* * *1. present participle of 2. noun2) (anything, esp. person, that exists) Wesen, das; Geschöpf, das* * *adj.seiend adj.sein adj. n.Dasein n.Sein nur sing. n. -
3 being
be·ing [ʼbi:ɪŋ] n\being from another planet Wesen nt von einem anderen Sternto come into \being entstehenshe hated him with all her \being sie hasste ihn aus tiefster Seele adjfor the time \being vorerst, vorläufig, einstweilen → be -
4 alien
1. adjective1) (strange) fremd2. noun* * *['eiliən] 1. adjective(foreign: alien customs.) fremd2. noun2) (a creature from another planet: aliens from outer space; He claims that he was abducted by aliens.)•- academic.ru/1683/alienate">alienate- alienation* * *al·ien[ˈeɪliən]I. adj1. (foreign) ausländischto be \alien to sb jdm fremd seinto be \alien to sb's nature/religion jds Wesen/Religion fremd sein\alien idea abwegige Idee; COMPUT\alien disk anders formatierte Diskette\alien disk reader Leser m für anders formatierte DiskettenII. nresident \alien ( form) im Inland ansässiger Ausländer; AM sich akk legal im Land aufhaltender Ausländer, einbürgerungswilliger Ausländer; BRIT unbeschränkt steuerpflichtiger Ausländer (bei mehr als sechs Monaten Aufenthalt)non-resident \alien ( form) im Inland nichtansässiger Ausländer; BRIT beschränkt steuerpflichtiger Ausländer (bei weniger als sechs Monaten Aufenthalt)* * *['eIlɪən]1. n (ESP POL)Ausländer( in) m(f); (SCI-FI) außerirdisches Wesen2. adj1) (= foreign) ausländisch; (SCI-FI) außerirdisch2) (= different) fremdto be alien to sb/sb's nature/sth — jdm/jds Wesen/einer Sache fremd sein
* * *alien [ˈeıljən; -ıən]A adj1. fremd:on alien soil auf fremdem Boden2. ausländisch:alien subjects Br ausländische Staatsangehörige;alien property Ausländervermögen n3. fremd(artig), exotisch4. außerirdisch (Wesen)alien to the topic nicht zum Thema gehörend6. fig (to) entgegengesetzt (dat), (jemandem oder einer Sache) zuwider(laufend), fremd (dat), unsympathisch (dat):that is alien to his nature das ist ihm wesensfremdB s1. Ausländer(in):enemy (friendly, undesirable oder unwanted) alien feindlicher (befreundeter, unerwünschter) Ausländer;aliens policy Ausländerpolitik f;alien registration Ausländermeldepflicht f2. nicht naturalisierte(r) Einwohner(in) des Landes3. Alien m, Außerirdische(r) m/f(m), außerirdisches Wesen:an alien from another planet ein Wesen von einem anderen Planeten* * *1. adjective1) (strange) fremd2) (foreign) ausländisch; (from another world) außerirdisch2. noun2) (a being from another world) Außerirdische, der/die* * *adj.fremd adj.fremder adj. n.Ausländer m. -
5 alien
['eɪlɪən] 1.1) straniero (to in)2) (from space) alieno3) (atypical)2.alien to sb., sth. — estraneo a qcn., qcs
1) dir. (foreigner) straniero m. (-a)2) (being from space) alieno m. (-a)* * *['eiliən] 1. adjective(foreign: alien customs.) straniero2. noun1) (a foreigner: Aliens are not welcome there.) straniero2) (a creature from another planet: aliens from outer space; He claims that he was abducted by aliens.) alieno, extraterrestre•- alienate- alienation* * *alien /ˈeɪlɪən/A a.1 straniero; estero: alien visitors, turisti stranieri; stranieri di passaggio; (econ., fin.) alien corporation, società estera2 lontano ( dal proprio modo di pensare, di sentire); estraneo; diverso; alieno: cultures that are alien to us, culture lontane dalla nostra; a result entirely alien from the one expected, un risultato completamente diverso da quello che ci si aspettava3 contrario ( alle proprie idee, ecc.); che ripugna: principles that are alien to me, principi che non mi appartengono (o che mi ripugnano)B n.(to) alien /ˈeɪlɪən/v. t.1 (leg.) ► to alienate2 (poet.) estraniare.* * *['eɪlɪən] 1.1) straniero (to in)2) (from space) alieno3) (atypical)2.alien to sb., sth. — estraneo a qcn., qcs
1) dir. (foreigner) straniero m. (-a)2) (being from space) alieno m. (-a) -
6 alien
'eiliən
1. adjective(foreign: alien customs.) extraño, extranjero, foráneo
2. noun1) (a foreigner: Aliens are not welcome there.) extranjero2) (a creature from another planet: aliens from outer space; He claims that he was abducted by aliens.) extraterrestre•- alienate- alienation
alien1 adj1. extraño2. ajenoalien2 n1. extraterrestre2. extranjerotr['eɪlɪən]1 (foreign) extranjero,-a2 (exterrestrial) extraterrestre3 (strange) extraño,-a, ajeno,-a1 (foreigner) extranjero,-a2 (exterrestrial) extraterrestre nombre masulino o femeninoalien ['eɪliən] adj1) strange: ajeno, extraño2) foreign: extranjero, foráneo3) extraterrestrial: extraterrestrealien n1) foreigner: extranjero m, -ra f; forastero m, -ra f2) extraterrestrial: extraterrestre mfadj.• ajeno, -a adj.• extranjero, -a adj.• extraño, -a adj.• foráneo, -a adj.n.• extranjero, -era s.m.,f.• extraño s.m.
I 'eɪliəna) ( foreigner) extranjero, -ra m,fillegal alien — inmigrante mf ilegal
b) ( in science fiction) extraterrestre mf
II
a) (strange, foreign) extraño, foráneoto be alien to somebody/something — serle* ajeno a alguien/algo
b) ( of foreign power) (before n) <passport/airspace> extranjeroc) ( in science fiction) (before n) extraterrestre['eɪlɪǝn]1. ADJ1) (=foreign) extranjero2) (=unfamiliar) extraño, ajeno3) (=extraterrestrial) alienígena, extraterrestrealien being — alienígena mf, extraterrestre mf
2. N1) (=foreigner) extranjero(-a) m / f2) (=extraterrestrial) alienígena mf, extraterrestre mf* * *
I ['eɪliən]a) ( foreigner) extranjero, -ra m,fillegal alien — inmigrante mf ilegal
b) ( in science fiction) extraterrestre mf
II
a) (strange, foreign) extraño, foráneoto be alien to somebody/something — serle* ajeno a alguien/algo
b) ( of foreign power) (before n) <passport/airspace> extranjeroc) ( in science fiction) (before n) extraterrestre -
7 Murdock (Murdoch), William
[br]b. 21 August 1754 Cumnock, Ayrshire, Scotlandd. 15 November 1839 Handsworth, Birmingham, England[br]Scottish engineer and inventor, pioneer in coal-gas production.[br]He was the third child and the eldest of three boys born to John Murdoch and Anna Bruce. His father, a millwright and joiner, spelled his name Murdock on moving to England. He was educated for some years at Old Cumnock Parish School and in 1777, with his father, he built a "wooden horse", supposed to have been a form of cycle. In 1777 he set out for the Soho manufactory of Boulton \& Watt, where he quickly found employment, Boulton supposedly being impressed by the lad's hat. This was oval and made of wood, and young William had turned it himself on a lathe of his own manufacture. Murdock quickly became Boulton \& Watt's representative in Cornwall, where there was a flourishing demand for steam-engines. He lived at Redruth during this period.It is said that a number of the inventions generally ascribed to James Watt are in fact as much due to Murdock as to Watt. Examples are the piston and slide valve and the sun-and-planet gearing. A number of other inventions are attributed to Murdock alone: typical of these is the oscillating cylinder engine which obviated the need for an overhead beam.In about 1784 he planned a steam-driven road carriage of which he made a working model. He also planned a high-pressure non-condensing engine. The model carriage was demonstrated before Murdock's friends and travelled at a speed of 6–8 mph (10–13 km/h). Boulton and Watt were both antagonistic to their employees' developing independent inventions, and when in 1786 Murdock set out with his model for the Patent Office, having received no reply to a letter he had sent to Watt, Boulton intercepted him on the open road near Exeter and dissuaded him from going any further.In 1785 he married Mary Painter, daughter of a mine captain. She bore him four children, two of whom died in infancy, those surviving eventually joining their father at the Soho Works. Murdock was a great believer in pneumatic power: he had a pneumatic bell-push at Sycamore House, his home near Soho. The pattern-makers lathe at the Soho Works worked for thirty-five years from an air motor. He also conceived the idea of a vacuum piston engine to exhaust a pipe, later developed by the London Pneumatic Despatch Company's railway and the forerunner of the atmospheric railway.Another field in which Murdock was a pioneer was the gas industry. In 1791, in Redruth, he was experimenting with different feedstocks in his home-cum-office in Cross Street: of wood, peat and coal, he preferred the last. He designed and built in the backyard of his house a prototype generator, washer, storage and distribution plant, and publicized the efficiency of coal gas as an illuminant by using it to light his own home. In 1794 or 1795 he informed Boulton and Watt of his experimental work and of its success, suggesting that a patent should be applied for. James Watt Junior was now in the firm and was against patenting the idea since they had had so much trouble with previous patents and had been involved in so much litigation. He refused Murdock's request and for a short time Murdock left the firm to go home to his father's mill. Boulton \& Watt soon recognized the loss of a valuable servant and, in a short time, he was again employed at Soho, now as Engineer and Superintendent at the increased salary of £300 per year plus a 1 per cent commission. From this income, he left £14,000 when he died in 1839.In 1798 the workshops of Boulton and Watt were permanently lit by gas, starting with the foundry building. The 180 ft (55 m) façade of the Soho works was illuminated by gas for the Peace of Paris in June 1814. By 1804, Murdock had brought his apparatus to a point where Boulton \& Watt were able to canvas for orders. Murdock continued with the company after the death of James Watt in 1819, but retired in 1830 and continued to live at Sycamore House, Handsworth, near Birmingham.[br]Principal Honours and DistinctionsRoyal Society Rumford Gold Medal 1808.Further ReadingS.Smiles, 1861, Lives of the Engineers, Vol. IV: Boulton and Watt, London: John Murray.H.W.Dickinson and R.Jenkins, 1927, James Watt and the Steam Engine, Oxford: Clarendon Press.J.A.McCash, 1966, "William Murdoch. Faithful servant" in E.G.Semler (ed.), The Great Masters. Engineering Heritage, Vol. II, London: Institution of Mechanical Engineers/Heinemann.IMcNBiographical history of technology > Murdock (Murdoch), William
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